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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

ProtPhenoAge: Integrating plasma proteomics to predict Aging-Related disease Risks.

Yifan Wang¹, Yue Sun², Fan Yang¹

¹Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.

Journal of Advanced Research

|May 12, 2026

Summary

We developed a novel proteomics-based aging clock, ProtPhenoAge, which accurately quantifies biological age and predicts mortality. This new tool surpasses existing aging clocks by identifying age-independent aging features.

Keywords:

Aging clock GWAS MR PheWAS Proteomics-based aging clock

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomarkers and aging research
Proteomics and computational biology
Genomics and personalized medicine

Background:

Plasma proteins offer insights into aging influenced by internal and external factors.
Proteomics-based aging clocks represent a promising method for quantifying the aging process.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel proteomics-based aging clock by integrating plasma proteomics with composite biomarkers.
To assess the performance of the new clock in predicting biological age and all-cause mortality.

Main Methods:

Utilized UK Biobank data (37,433 participants) with Olink Explore proteomics data.
Employed Boruta-SHAP to identify PhenoAge-related proteins and trained six machine learning models to develop ProtPhenoAge.
Conducted Phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), Mendelian randomization (MR), and genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore associations and identify aging-associated loci.

Main Results:

The ProtPhenoAge model (XGBoost) strongly correlated with PhenoAge (r=0.96, R²=0.92) and predicted all-cause mortality (AUC=0.76), outperforming existing clocks.
ProtPhenoAge Acceleration (ProtPhenoAgeAccel) associated with 313 disease phenotypes, revealing more age-independent aging features than previous clocks.
Identified 10 aging-associated loci via GWAS, including variants linked to epigenetic aging and the APOE gene.

Conclusions:

ProtPhenoAge quantifies the aging process more effectively than previous clocks by detecting time-independent aging features.
Genomic and phenomic evidence supports ProtPhenoAge as a reliable tool for aging assessment and research.
The findings highlight the potential of ProtPhenoAge in advancing aging research and clinical applications.