Progress and challenges in cystic fibrosis gene editing

Gene editing, alone among therapeutic approaches, has the potential to permanently cure cystic fibrosis (CF) by correcting the CFTR gene to restore native function. Here, we describe the progress being made towards that goal, as well as the remaining barriers preventing clinical translation. New gene editors are constantly being developed and refined, which promise to correct more CFTR mutations more efficiently, but logistical challenges make treating the highly genetically heterogeneous CF population difficult. Additionally, delivery remains a central barrier to gene editing, though advances continue from inhaled lung-specific delivery to in utero editing. Overall, the future of gene editing in CF is bright, but the present is not quite there yet. This short review article aims at reporting the main points of discussion that were addressed during the 20th ECFS Basic Science Conference held in 2025 which will be the focus of this review. It is divided into 4 sections: Section 1 is an introduction to review our knowledge and set the stage, Section 2 will review the quickly evolving landscape of genome editing, Section 3 will highlight the strengths and challenges of ever evolving delivery systems, and Section 4 is a conclusion that will highlight the remaining challenges and hurdles prior to having effective gene editing therapeutics for CF.