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Updated: May 14, 2026

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
Published on: February 14, 2014
Spectroscopic evidence for a first-order transition to a possible orbital Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state
Zongzheng Cao1, Menghan Liao2,3, Hongyi Yan4
1State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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The orbital Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (orb-FFLO) state has lately emerged as an exotic dissipationless state, but a thermodynamic demonstration, which is key for its establishment, has been lacking. Here, we reveal a first-order quantum phase transition in the tunneling spectroscopy under an in-plane magnetic field on multilayer 2H-NbSe2. The transition manifests itself as a sudden enhancement of the superconducting gap with prominent hysteresis by sweeping the in-plane magnetic field well below the upper critical field. Such a first-order transition quickly disappears once the magnetic field tilts away from the in-plane direction by about one degree, and it depends sensitively on disorder. Furthermore, we obtain a comprehensive phase diagram of the phase transition as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and the sample thickness. These observed behaviors can be reproduced by the theory that considers the energetics between a uniform Ising superconductor and the orb-FFLO state.
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