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Beams are structural elements commonly employed in engineering applications requiring different load-carrying capacities. The first step in analyzing a beam under a distributed load is to simplify the problem by dividing the load into smaller regions, which allows one to consider each region separately and calculate the magnitude of the equivalent resultant load acting on each portion of the beam. The magnitude of the equivalent resultant load for each region can be determined by calculating...
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Related Experiment Videos

Elephant herd clustering with adaptive optimization for secure routing protocol in IoT network.

Kranthi Alluri1, Gopikrishnan Sundaram2

  • 1School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravathi, Guntur, 522241, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Scientific Reports
|May 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new protocol for Internet of Things (IoT) networks that enhances security and energy efficiency. The novel approach optimizes cluster formation and routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for better performance.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Security
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • The Internet of Things (IoT) involves numerous interconnected devices, creating challenges in network management and security.
  • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are crucial components of IoT, requiring efficient energy consumption and robust security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel protocol that balances energy efficiency and security in IoT networks.
  • To enhance data dissemination security and minimize energy consumption in WSNs.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) and Adaptive Humpback Whale Optimization (AHWOA) with fuzzy logic.
  • Implementation of lightweight, trust-based authentication mechanisms.
  • Optimized cluster formation and routing strategies for efficient data aggregation and resource allocation.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in energy utilization, network lifetime, and throughput.
  • Reduced computational and communication costs, with faster signing and verification times.
  • Enhanced packet delivery ratio and minimized network delay compared to existing protocols.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed EHC-FD protocol demonstrates robust performance in diverse IoT network scenarios.
  • It offers a promising solution for addressing the energy-security trade-off in IoT networks.
  • The integration of advanced optimization algorithms and fuzzy logic proves effective for WSN management.