Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Synthesis of Poly(δ-valerolactone)-poly(<i>N,N</i>-dimethylacrylamide) Supermicelles in Concentrated Aqueous Media via Reverse Sequence Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly.

Macromolecules·2026

Same author

Universal Psychosocial Screening in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Control Trial.

Clinical child psychology and psychiatry·2026

Same author

Massive Honeybee Envenomation: A Case Series of Simultaneous Multiple Casualties.

The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ·2026

Same author

Time-Resolved SAXS Studies During the Synthesis of Hydrolytically Degradable Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Poly(N,N'-dimethylacrylamide) Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Same author

Correction to "Combining Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly with Reverse Sequence Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Enables the Efficient Synthesis of Hydrolytically Degradable Anisotropic Block Copolymer Nano-objects Directly in Concentrated Aqueous Media".

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025

Same author

In Reply: Arms Race Control Score Standardizes Residency Applicant Publication Assessment.

Neurosurgery·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

Identifying Optimal Drug Loading in Stable Amorphous Solid Dispersion Formulations: A Rheological Approach.

Sagar Narala¹, Fengyuan Yang², Kapish Karan¹

¹Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, 19808, United States of America.

AAPS Pharmscitech

|May 12, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Formulation scientists can determine optimal polymer/API ratios for stable amorphous drug systems using rheological studies. This research highlights how drug solubility in copovidone impacts the physical stability of amorphous nifedipine formulations.

Keywords:

amorphous solid dispersion copovidone homogeneity miscibility rheology stability

More Related Videos

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

Published on: April 10, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

Published on: April 10, 2017

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Materials Science

Background:

Synthetic polymers like copovidone enhance drug formulations via controlled release, bioavailability, and stability.
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) uses copovidone to improve solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Challenges include optimizing copovidone/API ratios and ensuring long-term stability of amorphous APIs.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the solubility and miscibility of crystalline nifedipine in copovidone.
To develop stable amorphous polymer/API systems.
To determine the optimal copovidone/API composition for nifedipine formulations.

Main Methods:

Produced amorphous copovidone/nifedipine extrudates (10-60% w/w) using HME.
Characterized extrudates using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Evaluated extrudate stability and homogeneity via rheological temperature cycles.

Main Results:

All extrudates were amorphous, confirmed by DSC and XRD, irrespective of drug loading.
Rheological studies indicated homogeneity at low drug loads, heterogeneity at medium loads, and API nucleus formation at high loads.
Higher drug loads resulted in poor physical stability and API recrystallization during storage.

Conclusions:

Rheological studies aid in creating semi-phase diagrams for optimal polymer/API composition.
Thermodynamic stability is formulation-dependent, emphasizing the need to determine API solubility in the polymer.
Optimal formulation composition is critical for achieving stable amorphous drug systems.