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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.

Social Facilitation

Social Facilitation

Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Published on: December 7, 2018

Social functioning in autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Siyi Li¹, Huanqing Wang¹, Guoqiu Chen¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Nature Human Behaviour

|May 12, 2026

Summary

Autism

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Atypical social functioning is a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Existing research on social functioning in ASD is fragmented across different components and developmental stages.
A comprehensive understanding of the organization and development of social functioning in autism is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically integrate existing literature on social functioning in autism.
To characterize the organization and development of social functioning across various components and domains in autism.
To identify moderators influencing social functioning in autistic individuals.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral studies (January 1990 - August 2025).
Inclusion of studies with clinically diagnosed autistic individuals and neurotypical controls.
Qualitative synthesis and quantitative meta-analyses covering 22 social components across five domains.

Main Results:

Substantial overall group differences in social functioning between autistic and neurotypical individuals (Hedges' g = -0.744).
Early emergence of differences in motivation-based processes (around 6 months), followed by motor, emotion, and inference domains.
Age-related divergence in social skills, with some improvements observed over time.
Stronger interdependencies between social domains in autism, suggesting a serial organizational pattern.

Conclusions:

An integrative framework for understanding social functioning organization and development in autism has been established.
Findings have implications for precision subtyping of autism.
Results support the development of developmentally timed interventions and inform neurodiversity-informed research and policy.