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Women's postpartum adjustment questionnaire (WPPAQ): development and psychometric evaluation in an exploratory
Mahboobeh Asadi1, Mahnaz Noroozi2, Mousa Alavi3
1Faculty of Midwifery, Community Health Research Center, Isf. C, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
|May 13, 2026
Summary
A new Women's Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire (WPPAQ) is valid and reliable for identifying women struggling with postpartum changes. This tool helps healthcare providers support new mothers effectively.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Psychological Assessment
- Sociology
Background:
- Postpartum women undergo significant physical, psychological, and social transitions.
- Identifying and supporting maladjusted postpartum women necessitates effective assessment tools.
- This study focused on Iranian postnatal women.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the psychometric properties of the Women's Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire (WPPAQ).
- To validate the WPPAQ for assessing postpartum adjustment in Iranian women.
Main Methods:
- Mixed methods approach utilizing impact item method and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
- Questionnaire development based on qualitative study and literature review.
- Cross-sectional study with 203 postnatal women.
Main Results:
- Exploratory factor analysis reduced the initial 34 items to 30 items, forming five factors.
- The five factors explained 57.19% of the variance.
- The WPPAQ demonstrated high reliability with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.912.
Conclusions:
- The WPPAQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing postpartum adjustment.
- The questionnaire can assist healthcare providers in identifying women needing support for postpartum changes.