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Related Concept Videos

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Preparation of Carbon Fiber and Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Poly (butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) Foams by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Foaming
07:56

Preparation of Carbon Fiber and Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Poly (butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) Foams by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Foaming

Published on: October 10, 2025

Toward Fully Renewable Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Aliphatic Diisocyanates.

Aaron Bruckbauer1, Kathryn M J Wnuk-Fink1, Thomas Frisch1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.

Biomacromolecules
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Renewable aliphatic diisocyanates were used to create rigid polyurethane foams. These sustainable foams exhibit properties comparable to commercial alternatives, reducing reliance on petroleum-based materials.

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Preparation of Carbon Fiber and Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Poly (butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) Foams by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Foaming
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The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
07:02

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

Published on: August 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Development

Background:

  • Minimizing industrial reliance on petroleum-derived monomers is crucial for sustainable plastic development.
  • Aromatic diisocyanates are key components in polyurethanes (PUs) but pose sustainability challenges.
  • Aliphatic diisocyanates offer a promising renewable alternative for monomer production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically study and apply aliphatic diisocyanates for the preparation of rigid PU foams.
  • To develop rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams with high renewable carbon content.
  • To assess the properties and performance of these novel foams compared to commercial standards.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of aliphatic 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (6-HDI) with renewable polyols and cross-linkers.
  • Synthesis of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams.
  • Morphological, thermal, and mechanical analyses of the synthesized foams.

Main Results:

  • Novel rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams with high renewable carbon content were successfully prepared.
  • The developed foams demonstrated morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties similar to commercial rigid foams.
  • The study confirmed the viability of using aliphatic diisocyanates in rigid foam formulations.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesis of rigid foams using aliphatic diisocyanates, avoiding aromatic counterparts, expands formulation possibilities.
  • These renewable foams offer comparable performance to conventional PUs, supporting sustainable material development.
  • This research advances the understanding and application of renewable materials in foam production.