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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Lower GI Series: Barium Enema01:23

Lower GI Series: Barium Enema

A Barium Enema, or a lower GI series, is a specialized radiographic examination designed to visualize the lower gastrointestinal tract, specifically the colon and rectum. This procedure is instrumental in diagnosing various conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, diverticulosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Procedure Details
The examination begins by inserting a lubricated rectal tube into the patient's rectum to administer a radiopaque barium solution. The barium flow is carefully...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and solid...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
07:41

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: April 17, 2019

In the Gray Zone: Few Patients Proceed to Additional Testing After Equivocal Anorectal Manometry and Balloon

Madison R Heath1, Ashley Wade1, Yuying Luo1,2

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA.

Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Few patients with equivocal defecation test results undergo further imaging. Most patients with dyssynergic defecation (DD) or structural abnormalities opt for biofeedback or physical therapy.

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Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
07:41

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: April 17, 2019

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
08:09

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Pelvic Floor Disorders

Background:

  • Anorectal manometry (ARM) and balloon expulsion testing (BET) are primary diagnostic tools for dyssynergic defecation (DD).
  • Outcomes for patients with equivocal ARM/BET results remain unclear, necessitating further investigation into treatment patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize patient treatment pathways following equivocal results from Anorectal Manometry (ARM) and Balloon Expulsion Testing (BET).
  • To understand the utilization of advanced imaging like MR defecography and subsequent management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing ARM and BET at a single referral center.
  • Data collected included demographics, ARM/BET results, MR defecography findings (if performed), and follow-up treatment plans.

Main Results:

  • Of 97 patients with equivocal ARM/BET results, only 30.9% underwent MR defecography.
  • MR defecography revealed DD or structural abnormalities in 50.0% and 56.7% of those patients, respectively.
  • Among patients not undergoing MR defecography, 31.3% pursued biofeedback/pelvic physical therapy, and 26.9% continued optimized medical management.

Conclusions:

  • Less than one-third of patients with equivocal ARM/BET results obtain MR defecography within six months.
  • A significant proportion of patients with equivocal results opt for empiric conservative treatments like biofeedback or physical therapy.
  • Further research is required to identify optimal diagnostic and treatment pathways for patients with equivocal defecation disorder testing results.