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Rapid Monitoring of Storage Deterioration in Processed Coix Seeds Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Guided by GC-IMS.

Jiangshan Zhang1, Tongtong Wu2, Xiangyang Yu2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Classic Formula and Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine Creation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Processed coix seed quality degrades due to lipid oxidation during storage. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offer a rapid, non-destructive method to monitor this deterioration using key volatile markers.

Keywords:
coix seedgas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometrylipid oxidationnear-infrared spectroscopyrapid non-destructive monitoringstorage quality

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Processed coix seeds are valuable food and traditional medicine sources.
  • Storage leads to quality decline via lipid oxidation and rancidity.
  • Developing methods to monitor coix seed quality is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize volatile compound changes during coix seed storage.
  • To develop a rapid, non-destructive quality monitoring method using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
  • To identify key markers indicative of coix seed quality deterioration.

Main Methods:

  • Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was used to analyze volatile compounds.
  • Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was employed to develop a predictive model.
  • Partial least squares regression was utilized for NIRS calibration.

Main Results:

  • GC-IMS identified 74 volatile compounds, with aldehydes and ketones increasing during storage.
  • Key quality deterioration markers such as 2-furaldehyde, 1-pentanoic acid, and γ-caprolactone were identified.
  • NIRS models in the 1300-2500 nm region accurately predicted composite flavor and deterioration indices (R2p > 0.93, RPD > 4.0).

Conclusions:

  • NIRS provides an effective, rapid, and non-destructive method for monitoring processed coix seed quality.
  • GC-IMS analysis combined with NIRS offers a chemically interpretable approach for quality assessment.
  • The study identified specific volatile compounds and spectral regions crucial for monitoring seed deterioration.