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Adult ADHD Symptoms in Syrian War Refugees with Long-Term Health Conditions: A Screening Cross-Sectional Analysis
Omar Gammoh1, Alaa A A Aljabali2, Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh3
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
Background/Objectives:
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is often overlooked in refugees, especially those displaced by war and diagnosed with chronic issues such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We sought to provide a preliminary screening to align with ADHD screening and to examine its related demographic and clinical factors.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study recruited Syrian refugees residing in Jordan. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 (ASRS) was employed to provide a preliminary screening of "Consistency with ADHD screening". Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with the "Consistency with ADHD screening".
Results:
Data analysis included 345 patients; 179 (51.9%) were females. β-Blockers were used in 151 (43.8%), metformin in 134 (38.8%), and sulfonylurea in 86 (24.9%). In the study, 158 participants (45.8%) reported very consistent results related to ADHD. We used multivariate binary logistic regression, which showed that in our groups that received metformin (OR of 2.08, 95% CI 1.32-3.27, p = 0.001) and insulin (OR of 2.25, 95% CI 1.00-5.04, p = 0.04), we observed a positive association with ADHD symptoms. Also, we noted that high school education was negatively associated with the results of the ADHD screen (OR of 0.58, 95% CI of 0.36-0.94, p = 0.02).
Conclusions:
This preliminary study guides future steps in addressing ADHD symptoms in war-displaced refugees; proper diabetes management and education seem to be important factors.
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