Genicular Artery Embolization for Knee Osteoarthritis: An Interventional Radiology Perspective on Pathophysiology,...

Area of Science:

• Interventional Radiology
• Vascular Biology
• Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology

Background:

• Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition causing significant disability and economic burden.
• Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is an emerging minimally invasive technique for symptomatic knee OA.
• GAE targets pathological neovascularization to reduce inflammation and pain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an interventional radiology framework for GAE in knee OA.
• To integrate pathophysiological mechanisms, patient selection, and procedural strategies.
• To review current evidence on clinical outcomes, safety, and limitations.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of a structured literature search.
• Inclusion of prospective trials and randomized controlled studies.
• Critical discussion of available evidence and technical considerations.

Main Results:

• GAE modulates synovial inflammation, angiogenesis, and nociceptive signaling.
• MRI biomarkers aid in identifying suitable patients.
• Technical aspects include embolic agent selection and angiographic endpoints.

Conclusions:

• GAE is a promising option for select knee OA patients refractory to conservative care.
• Further high-quality studies are needed to establish long-term efficacy and standardize procedures.
• Optimal patient selection and procedural strategies require further definition.