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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

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Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

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Extramedullary AML: Clinical and Molecular Features.

Yael Morgenstern¹, Claire Andrews¹, Eshetu G Atenafu^2,3

¹Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada.

|May 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extramedullary disease in acute myeloid leukemia (EMD-AML) patients show high initial response rates but poor long-term survival. Further molecular profiling is crucial for risk stratification and personalized treatment strategies in EMD-AML.

Keywords:

AML extra meduallary AML leukemia myeloid sarcoma

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Identifying Bone Marrow Microenvironmental Populations in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Identifying Bone Marrow Microenvironmental Populations in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Clinical Research

Background:

Extramedullary disease in acute myeloid leukemia (EMD-AML) presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
The prognostic impact of EMD-AML remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with EMD-AML.
To compare EMD-AML patients with those without extramedullary involvement.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 617 newly diagnosed AML patients (2005-2018).
Comparison of 246 EMD-AML patients with 371 non-EMD-AML patients.
Propensity score matching (PSM) applied to control for baseline differences.

Main Results:

EMD-AML cohort showed enrichment in NPM1 mutations and t(8;21) translocation.
EMD-AML patients had higher overall response rates (88.1%) but significantly higher relapse rates (35.7%) post-PSM.
EMD-AML was independently associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) (OS HR 1.79, EFS HR 1.95).
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation did not improve survival in EMD-AML.

Conclusions:

EMD-AML, irrespective of bone marrow involvement, is a high-risk entity with poor long-term outcomes.
Despite initial high response rates, EMD-AML is linked to inferior survival.
Tissue biopsies for molecular profiling are recommended for improved risk stratification and tailored therapies.