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Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Polygenic Traits01:18

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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
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Contribution of Risk Factors, Including Polygenic Score, to the Multifactorial Risk Assessment for the Implementation

Xin Yang1, Juliet A Usher-Smith2, Kristina M Blackmore3

  • 1Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.

Cancers
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Key breast cancer (BC) risk factors like polygenic scores (PGS), mammographic density (MD), questionnaire-based risk factors (QRFs), and family history (FH) refine risk stratification. Incorporating these improves BC screening accuracy, especially for younger women.

Keywords:
breast cancer risk stratificationdata collection for breast cancer screening programimplementation of multifactorial risk assessmentpolygenic scorerisk prediction models

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Risk-based breast cancer (BC) screening offers personalized recommendations.
  • Identifying key predictors for BC risk stratification is crucial for effective screening programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key predictors for breast cancer (BC) risk stratification.
  • To inform the implementation of risk-based BC screening programs.

Main Methods:

  • Estimated 10-year BC risks using BOADICEA v.6 (CanRisk) in 3753 women (aged 40-70).
  • Assessed risk reclassification based on combinations of questionnaire-based risk factors (QRFs), polygenic score (PGS), mammographic density (MD), and family history (FH).
  • Utilized relative risk thresholds (<1.5, 1.5-2.7, ≥2.7) for risk category assignment.

Main Results:

  • Excluding polygenic scores (PGS) resulted in the highest risk reclassification.
  • Family history (FH) including affected and unaffected relatives provided comparable risk classification to full FH data.
  • Adding PGS to existing screening program data reduced reclassification from 23% to approximately 13%.

Conclusions:

  • Polygenic scores (PGS), mammographic density (MD), questionnaire-based risk factors (QRFs), and family history (FH) are essential for accurate BC risk stratification.
  • Multifactorial risk assessment holds significant potential for optimizing breast cancer screening strategies.
  • The impact of risk factor inclusion on classification differs across age groups, highlighting the need for age-specific considerations.