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Breast Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Clinical Management
Panlin Xie1, Yunbo Luo2, Lingmi Hou2
1Department of General Internal Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China.
Cancers
|May 13, 2026
Summary
Breast cancer patients face a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially within months of diagnosis. Understanding risk factors and implementing tailored prevention strategies are crucial for managing this complication.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Hematology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant complication in breast cancer (BC) patients.
- While BC is considered lower risk than some cancers, its incidence and associated VTE burden are growing due to multimodal therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review epidemiological features, risk factors, and biological mechanisms of breast cancer-associated VTE.
- To summarize advances in the prevention and management of VTE in BC patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing current evidence on breast cancer-associated VTE.
- Analysis of epidemiological data, risk factors, and proposed biological mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Cancer patients have a 4- to 7-fold higher VTE risk; BC risk is highest in the first 3-6 months post-diagnosis.
- Risk factors include older age, comorbidities, advanced disease, and multiple anticancer therapies.
- Mechanisms involve tissue factor, extracellular vesicles, neutrophil extracellular traps, and inflammation, linking thrombosis to immune evasion and metastasis.
Conclusions:
- Improved identification and dynamic risk assessment of high-risk BC patients are needed.
- Individualized prophylactic and anticoagulant strategies can enhance outcomes for BC patients with VTE.
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