Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Free Jet

Free Jet

Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:

Typical Model Studies

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.

Design Example: Flow Through a Fire Extinguisher

Design Example: Flow Through a Fire Extinguisher

A fire extinguisher that uses pressurized water relies on fluid dynamics principles to generate a high-velocity stream capable of suppressing flames. The water is stored at a much higher pressure inside the extinguisher than the surrounding atmosphere. This pressure difference forces the water to flow rapidly when the extinguisher is activated, and the behavior of the water as it exits the nozzle can be understood using fundamental equations of fluid dynamics.
The key to understanding how the...

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...

Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving

Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving

A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is achieved...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Theoretical Model for a Pneumatic Nozzle-Cylindrical Flapper System.

Micromachines·2025

Same author

Sticking Effect of a Tackifier on the Fibrillation of Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2021

Same author

Scaling effect on the detachment of pressure-sensitive adhesives through fibrillation characterized by a probe-tack test.

Soft matter·2020

Same author

Hierarchically porous nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels as efficient metal-free oxygen reduction catalysts.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2016

Same author

Characterization of Tack Strength Based on Cavity-Growth Criterion.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2016

Same author

A hybrid-assembly approach towards nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel supported cobalt nanoparticles as high performance oxygen reduction electrocatalysts.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

3D Simulation Study for a Pneumatic Nozzle-Cylindrical Flapper System.

Peimin Xu¹, Kazuaki Inaba¹, Toshiharu Kagawa²

¹Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 13, 2026

Summary

This study clarifies the complex 3D flow in pneumatic nozzle-cylindrical flappers used for high-speed rotating body displacement measurement. Findings reveal curvature

Keywords:

high-speed rotation spindle with aerostatic bearings machining nozzle flapper pneumatic

More Related Videos

Fast Grid Preparation for Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Fast Grid Preparation for Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Published on: November 6, 2021

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Published on: April 23, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

Fast Grid Preparation for Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Fast Grid Preparation for Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Published on: November 6, 2021

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Published on: April 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Mechanical engineering
Semiconductor manufacturing

Background:

Air spindles with compensation systems are crucial for efficient semiconductor machining.
Pneumatic nozzle-cylindrical flappers offer high precision for measuring high-speed rotating bodies.
Existing models fail to capture the complex 3D flow in nozzle-cylindrical flappers, limiting their application.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the flow mechanisms within nozzle-cylindrical flapper systems.
To develop a predictive framework for the static characteristics of these systems.
To address the limitations of conventional models in describing the unique flow behavior.

Main Methods:

Development of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate gas flow in micron-scale clearances.
Analysis of flow behavior under varying gap sizes and angular orientations.
Validation of CFD results against experimental measurements.

Main Results:

Flow behavior is dominated by surface curvature, enhancing inertia and weakening viscous effects.
Strong recirculation occurs due to flow wrapping around the cylindrical surface.
Two-dimensional approaches cannot accurately represent these complex 3D flow phenomena.

Conclusions:

The study establishes a reliable framework for predicting static characteristics of nozzle-cylindrical flappers.
A quadratic relationship between mass flow rate and momentum compensation coefficients was identified, linked to recirculation.
Findings support prior assumptions and reduce the need for extensive experimental calibration.