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Low-Cost High-Gain Transmitarray with Beam-Scanning Enhancement Based on Hybrid Phase Distribution Method.

Ming Wu1, Hang Ren1, Jinyang Bi2

  • 1Qianyuan National Laboratory, Hangzhou 310024, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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A novel hybrid phase distribution method enhances multi-feed transmitarrays for high-gain, wide-angle beam-scanning. This low-cost design achieves a ±60° scanning range with minimal gain loss and low cross-polarization.

Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Antenna Theory
  • Metamaterials and Metasurfaces
  • Wireless Communication Systems

Background:

  • Transmitarrays offer advantages in antenna systems but often face limitations in beam-scanning range and efficiency.
  • Achieving wide-angle beam-scanning typically requires complex feed systems or specialized unit cell designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel hybrid phase distribution (HPD) method for enhancing the beam-scanning capabilities of multi-feed transmitarrays.
  • To design and validate a low-cost, high-gain transmitarray antenna with wide-angle beam-scanning performance.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid phase distribution (HPD) method was developed, combining single-focal and bifocal principles tailored to feed illumination.
  • A three-layer polarization conversion unit cell was designed for high-efficiency transmission and 360° phase coverage.
Keywords:
beam-scanninglow-costtransmitarray antennaswide-angle

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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  • A single-polarized transmitarray antenna was designed and simulated using the HPD method with a focal diameter ratio of 0.28.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed HPD method accurately determined phase distributions, reducing errors for various scanning angles.
    • The designed transmitarray achieved a discrete ±60° beam-scanning range with a peak gain of 24 dBi.
    • Low gain loss (0.7 dB at ±30°, 4.7 dB at ±60°) and excellent cross-polarization levels (below -35 dB) were demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • The HPD method effectively enhances the beam-scanning range of transmitarrays.
    • The developed transmitarray antenna exhibits high gain, wide scanning angles, low cost, and a low profile.
    • Experimental validation confirmed simulation results, highlighting the practical applicability of the design.