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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
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Webcam-Based Pain Measurement Using Pupillary Diameter.

Natalia Shamantseva1, Arseniy Polyakov1, Vsevolod Lyakhovetskii1

  • 1Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new webcam-based pupillometry system using deep neural networks accurately measures pupil diameter. This pain monitoring method is reliable for electrophysiology research, comparable to subjective pain scales.

Keywords:
neural networkpain measurementpupillary diametertranscutaneous spinal cord stimulationvideo pupillometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Pupillometry is a valuable tool for pain monitoring.
  • Standard equipment limitations exist in specific experimental settings, such as transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) research.
  • A need exists for synchronized, accessible pupillometry systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, markerless webcam-based system for recording and analyzing pupil diameter.
  • To enable simultaneous recording of pupil diameter with other physiological signals for tSCS studies.
  • To validate the system's accuracy against manual analysis and subjective pain ratings.

Main Methods:

  • A deep neural network-based system was developed using a commercial webcam.
  • The system's accuracy was compared to manual analysis using ImageJ.
  • Validation involved a study on tSCS pulse forms and volunteer pain tolerance (n=12).

Main Results:

  • The developed system demonstrated accuracy in pupil diameter measurement comparable to human analysis.
  • Pupillometry results using the new system correlated with subjective pain scale ratings.
  • The system successfully reproduced findings on tSCS pulse form effects on pain tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed webcam-based pupillometry system is accurate and reliable for pain monitoring.
  • This method offers a viable alternative for recording nociceptive pupillary responses in electrophysiology.
  • The system overcomes limitations of standard pupillometry equipment in specialized research contexts.