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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry01:21

Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry

When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
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Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...
Members Made of Elastoplastic Material01:19

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
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Updated: May 14, 2026

Fabrication of a Bioactive, PCL-based "Self-fitting" Shape Memory Polymer Scaffold
09:37

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Published on: October 23, 2015

Process and Structure Modeling of Architected Thermoplastic Composites Using Shape Forming Elements.

Rebecca H Olanrewaju1, Yuefeng Jiang2, Thao D Nguyen2

  • 1Francis College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.

Polymers
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shape forming elements (SFEs) enable precise control over polymer composite architecture. This study demonstrates how specific SFE designs and processing conditions allow tunable tradeoffs between composite stiffness, strength, and ductility.

Keywords:
architected compositescoextrusiondie designliquid crystalline polymerpolyamideregression modelingshape forming elements

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Composite Materials

Background:

  • Architected polymer composites leverage spatially organized phases for tailored properties.
  • Shape forming elements (SFEs) are coextrusion die inserts that create internal polymer architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate three SFE designs (Jacks, I-Beam, Barn Door) for creating core-shell structures with liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and amorphous polyamide (APA).
  • Correlate cross-sectional geometries and processing parameters to tensile performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polymer clay prototyping and ANSYS Polyflow simulations to screen flow behavior.
  • Extruded LCP/APA composites at varying puller speeds.
  • Characterized samples using optical microscopy and tensile testing.

Main Results:

  • Disruptions in encapsulation and feature distortion were observed due to area transitions and viscosity contrast.
  • Liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) content was identified as a key factor influencing stiffness and strength.
  • Higher puller speeds enhanced reinforcement via molecular orientation.

Conclusions:

  • SFEs enable the creation of tunable tradeoffs between stiffness, strength, and ductility in polymer composites.
  • Specific SFE designs and processing conditions dictate the final composite architecture and mechanical properties.