Decoding the Functional Proteome of Vitis: Past, Present, and Future.

Area of Science:

• Plant Science
• Biochemistry
• Genomics

Background:

• Proteomic research in Vitis has evolved significantly, moving from basic biochemical analyses to sophisticated quantitative studies across all plant organs and products.
• Understanding the Vitis proteome is crucial for addressing challenges in agriculture and enology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize recent advancements in grapevine and wine proteomics.
• To highlight the role of proteomics in understanding stress responses, developmental processes, and quality traits in Vitis.
• To identify potential biomarkers for adaptation and enological quality.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of published proteomic studies on Vitis species.
• Analysis of proteome changes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., Plasmopara viticola, drought, heat).
• Investigation of proteomic alterations during bud dormancy, root development, berry ripening, and in cell cultures.

Main Results:

• Leaf proteomics reveals extensive remodeling of photosynthetic, antioxidant, and defense pathways under stress.
• Bud, root, and cell culture studies elucidate hormonal regulation, metabolic shifts, and stress responses.
• Berry proteomics clarifies developmental transitions and identifies proteins linked to aroma, color, and texture.
• Wine proteomics highlights the persistence of grape and yeast proteins and the impact of fungal infections (e.g., Botrytis cinerea).

Conclusions:

• The Vitis proteome is a dynamic system critical for plant adaptation and stress tolerance.
• Proteomic insights are essential for improving grapevine cultivation and enological practices.
• Comparative proteomic analyses offer valuable biomarkers for Vitis breeding and quality control.