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Updated: May 14, 2026

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Personality Traits and Perceived Food Allergy: A Pilot Exploratory Study.

Gianluca Pandolfo1,2, Clara Lombardo3, Carmela Mento1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals without confirmed food allergy show higher antagonism, a maladaptive personality trait. This suggests psychological factors influence perceived food allergy, impacting integrative allergy care.

Keywords:
PID-5food allergyintegrative medicinemaladaptive personality traitspsychosomatic factorsquality of life

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Allergy Immunology
  • Integrative Medicine

Background:

  • A significant gap exists between perceived and objectively confirmed food allergies.
  • Maladaptive personality traits may influence symptom perception and illness experience in food allergy.
  • Integrative medicine considers personality traits in reporting food-related symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between personality traits and perceived food allergy.
  • To investigate psychological factors in individuals with and without confirmed food allergy.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot study with 21 adults reporting food allergy symptoms.
  • Allergological assessment and psychological evaluation using the PID-5-BF.
  • Comparison between confirmed (n=10) and excluded (n=11) food allergy groups.

Main Results:

  • Patients without confirmed food allergy had significantly higher Antagonism scores (p=0.003).
  • Moderate-to-large effect sizes noted for Negative Affectivity, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism.
  • Findings are preliminary due to small sample size and exploratory nature.

Conclusions:

  • Confirmed food allergy patients face environmental burdens; those without may exhibit higher maladaptive traits, especially antagonism.
  • Integrating psychological assessment can enhance patient-centered, evidence-based allergy care.
  • Psychological evaluation supports integrative approaches for diagnostic uncertainty in food allergy.