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Updated: May 14, 2026

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

Published on: May 22, 2019

Depression in Hospitalised Aphasic Stroke Patients-Identifying Valid Tools and Examining Outcomes.

Zhi Qi Nicole Lim¹, Lai Gwen Chan²

¹Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|May 13, 2026

Summary

The Signs of Depression Scale (SODS) and Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (SADQH-10) effectively screen for post-stroke depression in aphasic patients. Poor clinical outcomes are common one year after stroke, predicted by recurrent or hemorrhagic strokes.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Psychiatry
Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

Post-stroke mood disorders, including depression and anxiety, significantly impact patient recovery.
Validating assessment tools is crucial for effective screening and management in aphasic stroke survivors.
Understanding long-term clinical outcomes is essential for improving stroke care.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the accuracy of the Signs of Depression Scale (SODS), Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (SADQH-10), and Behavioural Outcomes of Anxiety scale (BOA-C) in identifying post-stroke mood disorders among aphasic patients.
To describe the clinical outcomes at one year post-stroke in a local population of aphasic stroke patients.

Main Methods:

A retrospective review of 236 aphasic stroke patients' data from a Singaporean tertiary stroke center.

Keywords:

anxiety aphasia depression neuropsychiatry outcomes stroke

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Comparison of patient-reported scales (SODS, SADQH-10, BOA-C) against a psychiatrist's diagnosis of post-stroke mood disorder.

Analysis of clinical outcomes at one year, including predictors of poor outcomes.

Main Results:

The SODS (AUC=0.805) and SADQH-10 (AUC=0.844) demonstrated good validity, with optimal cut-off scores identified. The BOA-C showed poor validity (AUC=0.780).
Optimal cut-offs for SODS (≥4) and SADQH-10 (≥7) yielded high specificity (94.62% and 96.17%) but moderate sensitivity (60.00% and 55.56%).
Over half (58.6%) of patients experienced poor clinical outcomes at one year, significantly associated with recurrent and hemorrhagic strokes, independent of depression status.

Conclusions:

The SODS and SADQH-10 are validated and appropriate tools for assessing post-stroke depression in hospitalized aphasic stroke patients in Singapore.
The BOA-C is not a valid tool for this population.
Recurrent and hemorrhagic strokes are key predictors of poor one-year outcomes in aphasic stroke patients, highlighting the need for targeted preventive strategies.