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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenesis, Risk Stratification, and Therapeutic Interception.

Yukina Mizuno Yokoyama1,2, Ryu Watanabe1, Mayu Shiomi1

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Understanding preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is key. Immune changes occur years before symptoms, offering a window for early intervention to prevent joint damage.

Keywords:
clinically suspect arthralgiafibroblastmucosal immunitypreclinical rheumatoid arthritisprevention

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An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Preclinical Disease Research

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management traditionally starts after clinical synovitis onset.
  • Evidence shows immune abnormalities precede RA diagnosis by years, marking a preclinical phase.
  • This phase involves systemic autoimmunity, early symptoms, and subclinical inflammation in susceptible individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pathogenesis, risk stratification, and therapeutic interception of preclinical RA.
  • To highlight the roles of mucosal origin, immunosenescence, T cells, and synoviocytes in early RA.
  • To discuss advances in identifying high-risk individuals and potential interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current concepts and recent advances in preclinical RA research.
  • Analysis of clinical, serological, and imaging-based risk stratification methods.
  • Examination of emerging intervention trials for early RA.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical RA is characterized by systemic autoimmunity and subclinical inflammation preceding clinical diagnosis.
  • Advances in risk stratification improve identification of individuals progressing to RA.
  • Intervention trials show promise in delaying RA onset and reducing inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • A paradigm shift towards early, risk-adapted intervention before joint damage is supported.
  • Complete RA prevention is not yet achieved, but earlier intervention is feasible.
  • Future efforts should refine biomarkers and optimize individualized preventive strategies.