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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Association of Serum P-Cresyl Sulfate Level with Peripheral Artery Disease in Kidney Transplantation Patients

Hsiao-Hui Yang1,2,3, Yen-Cheng Chen1,2, Chin-Hung Liu4,5

  • 1Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Higher levels of the uremic toxin p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) are linked to peripheral artery disease (PAD) in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. This suggests residual toxin burden impacts vascular health post-transplant.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • p-Cresyl sulfate (PCS) is implicated in endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling.
  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD), indicated by a low ankle-brachial index (ABI), is a significant mortality risk in kidney transplant (KT) recipients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum PCS levels and PAD in KT recipients.
  • To determine if PCS is an independent predictor of PAD in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 90 KT recipients.
  • Serum PCS quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  • PAD defined as ABI < 0.9, measured via automated oscillometric device.

Main Results:

  • 22.2% of KT recipients had PAD.
  • PAD patients showed higher prevalence of diabetes and elevated serum PCS levels (p=0.001).
  • Serum PCS levels were independently associated with PAD (OR 1.254, p<0.001) and inversely correlated with ABI.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated serum PCS levels are independently associated with PAD in KT recipients.
  • Residual uremic toxin burden may contribute to peripheral vascular disease post-KT.
  • PCS may be a therapeutic target for preventing vascular complications in KT recipients.

Keywords:
ankle-brachial indexkidney transplantationp-cresyl sulfateperipheral artery disease

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