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Published on: August 22, 2022
Birooted Mandibular Canine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Amelia Hoppe1, Kamila Chęcińska2, Maciej Chęciński2,3
1Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Cracow, Poland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 13, 2026
Summary
Birooted mandibular canines, a rare dental variation, occur in 2.71% of individuals, particularly females. Further research is needed on their clinical impact during dental treatments.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Human Anatomy
- Radiology
Background:
- Birooted mandibular canines are uncommon but significant anatomical variations.
- These variations are frequently underdiagnosed and can complicate dental procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the prevalence of birooted and multirooted mandibular canines through meta-analysis.
- To investigate potential geographical, sex, or side predilections for these root variations.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across five databases (BASE, Scopus, PubMed, DOAJ, Scielo).
- Inclusion of studies on permanent mandibular canines with radiological or in vitro assessment (≥10 cases).
- Meta-analysis to determine prevalence and odds ratios; risk of bias assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools.
Main Results:
- Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria; pooled prevalence of birooted mandibular canines was 2.71%.
- A statistically significant female predilection was observed in four cohorts.
- Only one case of a three-rooted mandibular canine was reported; no clinical outcome data were available.
Conclusions:
- Birooted mandibular canines are a notable anatomical variant, with higher prevalence in females and on the right side.
- Clinical implications and treatment outcomes associated with this variation require further investigation.
