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Published on: May 29, 2019
Linking Experimental Models to Pathophysiology: Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Cardiovascular Diseases
Shahin Gavanji1, Hazem Zaki2, Priyadarshini Panjwani3
1Department of Plant Biotechnology, Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81744-73441, Iran.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health concern. This review guides researchers on standardized methods to evaluate oxidative stress and DNA damage in CVD, improving experimental reproducibility and therapeutic strategies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Redox Biology
- Molecular Pathology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally, with rising rates causing significant healthcare concern.
- Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in cardiovascular conditions like hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure.
- Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage is a key driver of CVD progression, yet research methods are highly variable.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive guide for researchers evaluating oxidative stress and DNA damage in cardiovascular disease.
- To systematically summarize standardized in-vitro and in-vivo models, oxidative stress inducers, and analytical assays.
- To enhance the reproducibility and translational relevance of cardiovascular research by integrating mechanistic insights with methodologies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and analysis of 208 relevant articles from major scientific databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect).
- Compilation of experimental validation data for oxidative stress measurements from 1955 to the present.
- Integration of mechanistic insights with standardized methodologies for model selection and assay application.
Main Results:
- Identified variability in current experimental approaches for studying oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in CVD.
- Summarized established in-vitro and in-vivo models, common oxidative stress inducers, and analytical assays used in cardiovascular research.
- Established a framework for selecting appropriate models and assays to improve research consistency.
Conclusions:
- Standardized methodologies are crucial for accurately evaluating oxidative stress and its impact on DNA damage in cardiovascular disease.
- This review offers a practical framework to guide researchers, enhance reproducibility, and improve the translational relevance of findings.
- The findings support the development of novel antioxidant-based therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular conditions.
Abstract:
There has been an immense concern in the healthcare industry about the globally raising rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As per recent WHO reports, CVD is the leading cause of disability, hospitalization and premature death. Studies indicate that oxidative stress negatively impacts the heart and vascular system, which could potentially lead to myocardial infarction, hypertension, cardiomyopathies, atherosclerosis and diabetic heart failure, highlighting its significance as a prognostic indicator in cardiovascular conditions. Nowadays, many common experimental assays are used for in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of oxidative stress and its negative effects on the cardiovascular system. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for researchers seeking to evaluate the impact of oxidative stress on DNA damage in CVD utilizing standardized methods published by leading institutions. To achieve this, we analyzed 208 relevant articles from prominent databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc., summarizing experimental validation of oxidative stress measurements from 1955 to the present. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage is a key driver of cardiovascular disease progression, yet experimental approaches to study it remain highly variable. This review systematically summarizes established in-vitro and in-vivo models, oxidative stress inducers, and analytical assays used in cardiovascular research. By integrating mechanistic insights with standardized methodologies, it provides a practical framework to guide model selection, improve reproducibility, and enhance translational relevance. This work serves as a concise reference for researchers investigating redox biology, cardiovascular pathology, and antioxidant-based therapeutic strategies.
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