Proinflammatory Cytokine Preconditioning Enhances the Therapeutic Potency of Different Types of MSCs in Inflammation

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown immunomodulatory effects and great promise in many inflammatory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, several barriers to translation remain such as cell availability and potency. This study evaluates the therapeutic potentials of three types of MSCs, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSC), the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSC wild type (iMSC WT) and β2 microglobulin-knockout iMSCs (iMSC B2M KO) with or without proinflammatory cytokine preconditioning. BM-MSC, iMSC WT and iMSC B2M KO were preconditioned with a proinflammatory cytokine cocktail (Cytomix: IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α). Immunoregulatory biomarkers were analysed by flow cytometry and cytokines released by ELISA. MSC antimicrobial properties were analysed via CFU assays while the MSCs' immunomodulatory effects were evaluated using macrophage activation and T cell proliferation assays. Proinflammatory cytokine preconditioning enhanced the therapeutic potency of all three types of MSCs by increasing immunomodulatory marker expression, enhancing the antimicrobial effects and improving MSC-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation. These findings provided new insights into the therapeutic potencies of MSCs in inflammation. Further studies are required for in vitro characterisation of the MSCs and in vivo efficacy verification of these MSCs prior to their clinical application.