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Related Concept Videos

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
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Design, Synthesis and Thermal Energy Storage Properties of Polyurethane-Based Solid-Solid Phase Change Materials

Ting Zhang1, Yuxin Zhang1, Lan Li1

  • 1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New polyurethane copolymers function as solid-solid phase change materials (SSPCMs) for thermal energy storage. These synthesized materials demonstrate excellent reusability and thermal stability for effective energy applications.

Keywords:
chain extendercrosslinked polyurethanespolyethylene glycolsolid-solid phase change materialsthermal energy storage

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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Developing efficient thermal energy storage solutions is crucial for renewable energy integration and grid stability.
  • Polymeric solid-solid phase change materials (SSPCMs) offer advantages like minimal leakage and good mechanical properties for thermal energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel crosslinked polyurethane copolymers as SSPCMs for thermal energy storage.
  • To characterize the chemical structure, thermal properties, and crystalline behavior of the synthesized SSPCMs.
  • To evaluate the performance and stability of these materials for practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of crosslinked polyurethane copolymers using trihydroxy compounds and polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • Characterization via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD).
  • Thermal property analysis using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and evaluation of reusability through thermal cycling and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of three crosslinked polyurethane copolymers confirmed by FTIR.
  • POM and WAXD revealed regular spherulitic morphologies and PEG-like crystalline structures.
  • DSC showed reversible latent heat storage with a maximum endothermic enthalpy of 115.7 J/g.
  • Thermal cycling and TG analysis confirmed excellent reusability, thermal reliability, and high thermal stability.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized crosslinked polyurethane copolymers are effective SSPCMs for thermal energy storage.
  • These materials exhibit promising properties including reversible latent heat storage, good crystalline behavior, and high thermal stability.
  • The developed SSPCMs show potential for various thermal energy storage applications due to their reusability and reliability.