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Lipid Profiles in Elite and Collegiate Athletes: A Scoping Review
Lexy Farrington1, Cameron Key1, Zachary Denton2
1University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas.
Sports Health
|May 13, 2026
Summary
Elite and collegiate athletes show distinct lipid profiles influenced by sex and sport. Female athletes generally have better lipid profiles than males, with variations across different sports and competitive levels.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Exercise Physiology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Physical activity significantly impacts lipid metabolism.
- Distinct lipid profiles between elite and collegiate athletes require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing literature on lipid profiles in collegiate and elite athletes.
- To summarize variations in lipid profiles based on sex, sport, and competitive level.
- To identify research gaps for future studies.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, and SPORTDiscus.
- Studies published between January 2010 and January 2025 were included.
- A scoping review methodology was employed to analyze data.
Main Results:
- 31 studies involving 5921 athletes were analyzed, with a majority being male and elite-level.
- Female athletes exhibited higher HDL, lower LDL, and lower TG compared to male athletes.
- Elite athletes generally showed higher HDL, TC, and TG than collegiate athletes, with sport-specific variations observed.
Conclusions:
- Lipid profiles in athletes are significantly influenced by sex, sport, and competitive level.
- There is a need for standardized, sex-balanced research to understand lipid metabolism's role in athlete health and performance.
- Future studies should utilize rigorous methodologies to inform cardiovascular risk management in athletes.
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