Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

COVID-19 Vaccine Reactogenicity Marks an Innate Inflammatory Response Associated With HLA Variation and Enhanced Protection.

Research square·2026
Same author

Cerebrospinal fluid transcriptional immune pathways linked to survival in HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

The Phenotype List String Grammar for Enhanced Protein and Antigen Reporting in the Immunogenetic Context.

HLA·2026
Same author

AEGIS reveals epitope- and clone-resolved convergence of CNS B and T cell autoreactivity in ROHHAD.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Recommendations for HLA Genotyping Data Standards and Clinical Laboratory Staffing Considerations.

HLA·2026
Same author

Shared Epitope-Positive <i>HLA</i> Alleles Protect Against Alpha-Synuclein Pathology in a Model of Parkinson Disease.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
08:07

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

Published on: September 6, 2017

Autoreactomes in Healthy Individuals Vary According to HLA Class II Genotype.

Rayo Suseno, Juliano A Boquett, Ravi Dandekar

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |May 13, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Healthy individuals show distinct self-antigen antibody profiles based on their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype. This research links specific HLA-DRB1 types to unique autoreactivity patterns, offering insights into early autoimmune disease development.

    More Related Videos

    Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
    09:32

    Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

    Published on: October 15, 2021

    Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
    09:47

    Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

    Published on: November 21, 2014

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 14, 2026

    Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
    08:07

    Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

    Published on: September 6, 2017

    Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
    09:32

    Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

    Published on: October 15, 2021

    Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
    09:47

    Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

    Published on: November 21, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Genetics
    • Autoimmunity

    Background:

    • The link between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and autoimmune disorders is known, but the functional mechanisms remain unclear.
    • Autoantibodies are present in healthy individuals, complicating their role in disease pathogenesis.
    • Understanding the autoreactome in healthy populations stratified by HLA genotype is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the spectrum of self-antigen antibody specificity (autoreactome) in healthy individuals.
    • To investigate differences in autoreactivity profiles stratified by specific homozygous HLA-DRB1 genotypes.
    • To explore the potential for early detection of pathogenic autoantibodies based on HLA genotype.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) to analyze antibody specificity across the human proteome.
    • Analyzed serum from 741 healthy donors, grouped by five homozygous HLA-DRB1 genotypes.
    • Applied custom filters and binary/multinomial logistic regression to identify genotype-specific autoreactivity patterns.

    Main Results:

    • Autoreactome profiles in healthy individuals were found to be distinct across different HLA-DRB1 genotypes.
    • Binary logistic regression achieved high accuracies (90-96%) in identifying specific HLA-DRB1 genotypes.
    • Multinomial models predicted HLA-DRB1 genotype with up to 90% accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • Autoreactivity profiles in healthy individuals vary significantly based on HLA class II genotype.
    • Individuals with specific HLA autoimmune risk alleles may carry potentially pathogenic autoantibodies before disease onset.
    • Findings provide insights into the pathological processes underlying autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases.