Follow-up Strategies in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Current strategies and Challenges

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity and its related comorbidities. However, the long-term success and safety of these procedures depend heavily on continuous postoperative follow-up. Postoperative follow-up during the first year is essential for detecting surgical complications, monitoring weight loss trajectories, and optimizing nutritional status. Long-term follow-up is equally important for preventing weight regain, micronutrient deficiencies and recurrence of metabolic diseases. Structured and lifelong follow-up is a fundamental component of successful MBS. Despite recommendations from international societies, adherence to structured follow-up remains inconsistent in real-world practice. This review summarizes current evidence on optimal follow-up strategies after MBS, focusing on nutritional monitoring, management of complications, metabolic surveillance, psychosocial support, and multidisciplinary care.