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Cognitive Function in Middle-aged Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-sectional Study.

Nandani Goswami¹, M D Motlag¹, Mehul Mukhi¹

¹Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Mid-Life Health

|May 13, 2026

Summary

Postmenopausal women show high rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), particularly affecting memory and fluency. Longer time since menopause and conditions like diabetes and obesity worsen cognitive decline, underscoring the need for early screening.

Keywords:

Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination-III cognitive functioning postmenopause

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Gerontology
Endocrinology

Background:

Cognitive decline is common after menopause due to estrogen depletion and menopausal symptoms.
Postmenopausal women have a higher risk of dementia compared to men.
Endocrine aging is linked to Alzheimer's biomarkers and brain changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence in middle-aged postmenopausal women.
To identify cognitive domains most affected by menopause.
To correlate cognitive scores with menopause duration and comorbidities.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study of 90 postmenopausal women (aged 41-60) in India.
Cognitive assessment using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III).
Evaluated domains: attention, memory, fluency, language, visuospatial abilities.

Main Results:

MCI prevalence was 78.88%, with memory and fluency most impacted.
Longer duration since menopause correlated with lower ACE-III scores (r=-0.7192).
Diabetes associated with poorer memory; obesity with reduced visuospatial abilities.

Conclusions:

High prevalence of MCI in postmenopausal women necessitates early cognitive screening.
Memory and fluency are key domains affected.
Managing comorbidities like diabetes and obesity is crucial for cognitive health.