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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...

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Inducible T-bet deletion reveals tissue-specific requirements in NKp46+ ILC immunobiology and response to murine cytomegalovirus.

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Memory-like NK cell differentiation, inhibitory NKG2A blockade, and improved recognition via antibody or CAR engineering combine to enhance NK cell attack against multiple myeloma.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
11:02

Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line

Published on: February 8, 2022

Allogenic Memory-Like Natural Killer Cell Therapy.

Alaa M Khalifa1, Melissa M Berrien-Elliott2

  • 1Augusts University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.

Missouri Medicine
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Allogeneic natural killer (NK) cell therapy offers a scalable, cost-effective alternative to CAR T-cell therapy for cancer. These memory-like NK cells provide rapid availability and reduced toxicity, addressing limitations of current treatments.

Keywords:
Transplantationadoptive transfercancer immunotherapynatural killer cells

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Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
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Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

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Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells
06:53

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells

Published on: January 13, 2023

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Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
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Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line

Published on: February 8, 2022

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
11:08

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells
06:53

Generation of Natural Killer Cells from Human Expanded Potential Stem Cells

Published on: January 13, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows promise for cancer treatment but faces challenges in scalability, cost, and toxicity.
  • Severe side effects like cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity limit CAR T-cell therapy.
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as a viable alternative due to their unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of allogeneic memory-like NK cell therapies.
  • To highlight the advantages of NK cells over T cells in adoptive cell therapy.
  • To discuss clinical applications and challenges of allogeneic NK cell therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on adoptive cell therapy, CAR T-cells, and NK cell biology.
  • Analysis of NK cell mechanisms, including MHC restriction and memory-like responses.
  • Examination of clinical trial data and research on allogeneic NK cell therapies.

Main Results:

  • Allogeneic NK cells offer advantages over autologous CAR T-cells, including scalability, reduced manufacturing time and cost.
  • NK cells provide MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity and can be activated to enhanced, memory-like states.
  • Allogeneic NK cell therapy presents a lower risk of graft-versus-host disease and offers rapid availability.

Conclusions:

  • Allogeneic memory-like NK cell therapy is a promising alternative to current cancer treatments.
  • Further research and clinical trials are needed to overcome challenges and optimize NK cell therapy.
  • NK cell-based therapies hold significant potential for improving cancer treatment outcomes.