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Updated: May 14, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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How adolescent cannabis use reshapes the developing brain - a systematic review.

Valerio Ricci1, Alessandro Sarni2, Domenico De Berardis3

  • 1San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
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Adolescent cannabis use is linked to brain structure changes and higher addiction risk. More research is needed to confirm causal links and long-term effects in young people.

Keywords:
addiction vulnerabilityadolescent cannabis usebrain imagingcognitive effectsneurodevelopment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Global increase in adolescent cannabis use raises neurodevelopmental concerns.
  • Adolescence is a critical period of brain remodeling, particularly in cannabinoid receptor-rich areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review neurodevelopmental consequences of adolescent cannabis use.
  • Focus on structural brain changes, cognitive impacts, addiction vulnerability, and long-term outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science (2000-2025).
  • PRISMA guidelines followed for screening 3,421 records and assessing 156 full-text articles.
  • Included neuroimaging, cognitive assessments, and longitudinal studies.

Main Results:

  • 36 studies (8,432 participants) analyzed, predominantly longitudinal cohorts.
  • Neuroimaging showed dose-dependent alterations: reduced prefrontal/hippocampal volumes, accelerated cortical thinning, impaired white matter connectivity.
  • Cognitive effects were mixed; addiction risk significantly elevated (ORs 3.9-7.2); long-term associations included educational/mental health issues.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent cannabis use correlates with structural brain changes and increased addiction risk, indicating higher vulnerability than adult-onset use.
  • Methodological limitations (confounders, observational designs) hinder causal inference.
  • Findings emphasize need for age-specific prevention, interventions, and rigorous longitudinal research.