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ReflectOR: an LLM-based Agent for Post-Operative Surgical Debriefing
Lorenzo Fumi1, Marco Bombieri1, Sara Allievi2
1Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Italy.
... International Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems Technology. International Workshop on Spoken Dialogue Systems Technology
|May 13, 2026
Summary
Surgical debriefings are crucial for patient safety but often rushed. ReflectOR, an AI system, processes operating room audio to support these sessions, enhancing team performance and identifying potential errors.
Area of Science:
- Medical Error Prevention
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Surgical Safety
Background:
- Ineffective teamwork and communication in surgery can lead to medical errors.
- Post-operative debriefings are vital for improving surgical team performance and patient safety.
- Clinicians' time constraints often result in rushed or incomplete debriefing sessions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce ReflectOR, an Agentic-AI architecture designed to assist surgical debriefings.
- To leverage AI for processing operating room audio recordings to support debriefing processes.
- To address the challenges of time limitations in conducting effective surgical debriefings.
Main Methods:
- Development of an Agentic-AI architecture named ReflectOR.
- Utilizing specialized sub-agents for distinct debriefing support tasks.
- Processing audio recordings from the operating room environment.
Main Results:
- ReflectOR employs sub-agents for summary generation, event timeline construction, error identification, and material tracking.
- Qualitative evaluation demonstrated the system's effectiveness in contextualizing transcripts.
- The AI architecture shows potential as a valuable tool for surgical debriefing.
Conclusions:
- ReflectOR offers a novel AI-driven approach to enhance surgical debriefing quality and efficiency.
- The system can help overcome time constraints faced by clinicians.
- Key considerations for real-world clinical implementation of AI in surgical debriefing are discussed.
