Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of Residual Fiber Contamination from Applicators in the Adhesive Interface

Area of Science:

• Dental Materials Science
• Restorative Dentistry
• Biomaterials

Background:

• Adhesive dentistry relies on clean interfaces for optimal bond strength.
• Contamination sources can compromise the integrity of dental restorations.
• Applicator-generated debris is an understudied factor in adhesive procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare residual fiber presence and distribution from two universal adhesive applicator brands.
• To investigate applicator-derived contamination within the adhesive interface.
• To evaluate the impact of applicator type on fiber incorporation.

Main Methods:

• Human molars with Class II cavities were assigned to two applicator groups (Proclinic SAU vs. Kerr).
• A universal adhesive was applied, polymerized, and examined under UV light microscopy.
• Residual fibers were quantified, localized, and statistically analyzed.

Main Results:

• All specimens showed residual fibers, primarily on external surfaces, margins, and axial walls.
• Significant differences in fiber quantity and length were found between applicator brands (P < 0.05).
• The Proclinic SAU applicator group exhibited more extensive fiber contamination than the Kerr group.

Conclusions:

• Both applicator brands shed fibers into the adhesive interface, representing a novel contamination source.
• Fiber distribution varied across cavity surfaces, indicating non-uniform contamination.
• The study methodology effectively identified applicator-derived residues, highlighting a factor potentially affecting adhesive performance and restoration longevity.