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Mitomycin C in the Endoscopic Treatment of Airway Stenosis: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

Elena Russo1,2,3, Giuseppe Mangiameli2,4, Andrea Costantino1,2

  • 1Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.

The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Adjuvant mitomycin C (MMC) shows a 76.37% stenosis resolution rate in airway stenosis endoscopic treatment. However, current evidence is insufficient to confirm its efficacy in reducing recurrence or prolonging intervention-free intervals.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Interventional Endoscopy

Background:

  • Airway stenosis presents a significant clinical challenge, often requiring repeated endoscopic interventions.
  • Adjuvant therapies are explored to improve outcomes in endoscopic airway stenosis management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of adjuvant mitomycin C (MMC) in the endoscopic treatment of airway stenoses.
  • To evaluate stenosis resolution, need for repeat procedures, and additional surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across major databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar) following PRISMA guidelines.
  • A single-arm meta-analysis was conducted on data from 358 patients.
  • Outcomes analyzed included stenosis resolution, rates of multiple endoscopic procedures, and other surgical treatments.

Main Results:

  • The cumulative stenosis resolution rate was 76.37% (95% CI 59.72-89.64).
  • Over half of patients (52.33%) required multiple endoscopic procedures.
  • The rate of requiring other surgical treatments was low at 4.08%.

Conclusions:

  • While a high stenosis resolution rate was observed, definitive conclusions on MMC's efficacy in reducing recurrence or extending intervention-free intervals cannot be drawn.
  • Further high-quality, prospective studies are necessary to establish clear guidelines for MMC use in airway stenosis.
Keywords:
airway stenosisendoscopic treatmentlaryngotracheal stenosismitomycin Csubglottic stenosistracheal stenosis

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