Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Men's health research priorities in men with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical·2026
Same author

Use of semaglutide and tirzepatide among people with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Safety and efficacy of opicinumab in participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis (AFFINITY Part 1): A randomized, controlled, phase 2 trial.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2025
Same author

Association of Spinal Cord Radiomic Features and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.

Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging·2025
Same author

Diffusion tensor imaging in the SPRINT-MS clinical trial: Advancing trial methodology.

Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical·2025
Same author

Infection, Relapses, and Pseudo-Relapses in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis.

Neurology. Clinical practice·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays
13:22

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

Published on: October 23, 2019

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis.

Jeffrey Lambe1, Robert J Fox2

  • 1Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., JJ-5N, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.

Drugs
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bruton

More Related Videos

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
07:42

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays

Published on: September 19, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays
13:22

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

Published on: October 23, 2019

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
07:42

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays

Published on: September 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves relapsing (RMS) and progressive (PMS) forms, driven by distinct immune pathways.
  • Current MS therapies are less effective for PMS, particularly those unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors offer a novel oral treatment approach targeting both adaptive and innate immune signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of BTK in immune signaling and its inhibition for MS treatment.
  • To discuss the development and trial findings of BTK inhibitors in RMS and PMS.
  • To explore the practical application of BTK inhibitors in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical trial data (Phase 2 and 3) for BTK inhibitors in MS.
  • Analysis of BTK's role in adaptive and innate immunity relevant to MS pathology.
  • Comparison of efficacy and safety profiles of different BTK inhibitors, including tolebrutinib and fenebrutinib.

Main Results:

  • BTK inhibitors, as small molecules, can cross the BBB to potentially modulate both RMS and PMS.
  • Clinical trials show promising efficacy for BTK inhibitors, with specific agents demonstrating benefits in progressive MS and relapsing forms.
  • Observed differences in efficacy and safety outcomes among BTK inhibitors are linked to their unique pharmacological profiles.

Conclusions:

  • BTK inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for both relapsing and progressive forms of MS.
  • Further research and real-world data are needed to fully understand the long-term efficacy and safety, including potential liver enzyme elevations.
  • The distinct mechanisms of BTK inhibitors warrant careful consideration for personalized MS treatment approaches.