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Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Development and Application of Rapamycin-regulated Tyrosine Phosphatases
06:56

Development and Application of Rapamycin-regulated Tyrosine Phosphatases

Published on: September 6, 2024

Bench to bedside: is rapamycin headed for the docTOR?

Dudley W Lamming1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Ave, MFCB Rm 4147, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. dlamming@medicine.wisc.edu.

Geroscience
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, shows promise as a pharmacological intervention to extend lifespan and healthspan, mimicking calorie restriction benefits. Further research is ongoing to assess its potential and challenges for human application.

Keywords:
Calorie restrictionMalnutritionRapamycin

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Area of Science:

  • Geroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Calorie restriction (CR) has long been known to extend lifespan and healthspan.
  • Harnessing CR's mechanisms through pharmacological means is a key goal in aging research.
  • Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, has emerged as a significant geroprotector.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of rapamycin from an immunosuppressant to a geroprotective agent.
  • To summarize findings on rapamycin's benefits for longevity and organ function in model organisms.
  • To discuss the clinical applications, challenges, and side-effects of rapamycin in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on rapamycin and mTOR inhibitors.
  • Analysis of data from model organism studies on aging and longevity.
  • Examination of completed and ongoing clinical trials in humans.

Main Results:

  • Rapamycin demonstrates potent benefits for longevity and organ system function across various model organisms.
  • Studies indicate rapamycin impacts key hallmarks of aging.
  • Clinical trials are exploring rapamycin for age-related diseases, with ongoing evaluation of efficacy and safety.

Conclusions:

  • Rapamycin is a reproducible pharmacological geroprotector with significant potential for extending healthspan and lifespan.
  • Inhibition of the mTOR pathway by rapamycin or similar molecules may offer a path to achieving the long-sought goal of healthy aging.
  • Challenges and side-effects require careful consideration for successful clinical translation.