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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy
08:07

Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy

Published on: January 12, 2024

Collectin-11, a complement pattern recognition molecule, mediates pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and protection.

Adrian Sutta1, Anna Offersgaard2,3, Carlos Rene Duarte Hernandez2,3

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Plos Pathogens
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Collectin-11 (CL-11) binds SARS-CoV-2 variants, activating complement and neutralizing the virus independently of antibodies. This suggests CL-11 plays a key role in controlling early-stage infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Collectin-11 (CL-11) is a pattern recognition molecule similar to mannose-binding lectin (MBL).
  • CL-11 is found in lung epithelium and involved in innate immunity.
  • Its potential role in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and complement activation was unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate CL-11's ability to recognize and neutralize SARS-CoV-2.
  • To determine if CL-11 activates the complement system upon binding SARS-CoV-2.
  • To assess CL-11's effect on SARS-CoV-2 S protein-receptor binding.

Main Methods:

  • Produced recombinant CL-11, MBL, and various SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) proteins.
  • Evaluated CL-11 binding to S proteins using ELISA.
  • Assessed complement activation and S protein-receptor binding inhibition.
  • Performed cell-based neutralization assays for SARS-CoV-2.

Main Results:

  • CL-11 demonstrated binding to multiple SARS-CoV-2 S protein variants, similar to MBL.
  • CL-11 binding triggered both lectin and alternative complement pathways.
  • CL-11 inhibited S protein-receptor binding and neutralized SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell assays.

Conclusions:

  • CL-11 effectively binds diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.
  • CL-11 neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in an antibody-independent manner.
  • CL-11 may be crucial for controlling early-stage SARS-CoV-2 infections.