Surface-Dominated and Tunable 2D MOF-Based Nanozyme Array for Smartphone-Integrated Intelligent Discrimination of...

Antioxidants play a crucial role in human health, yet their simultaneous identification and quantification remain a significant challenge due to their structural similarities and overlapping reductive potentials. Herein, we report a surface-dominated, tunable two-dimensional metal-organic framework (2D MOF) nanozyme array for smartphone-integrated intelligent discrimination of multiple antioxidants. Distinct from conventional 3D and bulk MOFs with limited surface sites, the ultrathin 2D structure offers highly exposed catalytic centers, facilitating rapid signal response and enhanced sensitivity. By strategically varying the metal centers, we engineered a series of 2D MOF nanozymes with metal-dependent and differentiated catalytic gradients, providing the essential cross-reactivity for multicomponent analysis. The varied inhibitory effects of antioxidants on the peroxidase-like activities of 2D MOF nanozymes generate high-dimensional colorimetric fingerprints, uniquely resolving seven antioxidant analytes. Furthermore, a smartphone-based digital platform was established for real-time RGB value extraction and then integrated with machine learning algorithms to enable on-site analysis. Such a platform achieved high performance in identifying not only individual antioxidants but also complex binary and ternary mixtures. The practical utility of the platform was further validated in juice, black tea, and wine samples, demonstrating its excellent anti-interference capability in real-world matrices. This study highlights that the surface-dominated catalytic mode of 2D MOF nanozymes not only offers a great blueprint for designing low-cost, high-throughput, and intelligent sensing platforms for antioxidant identification but also shows great promise for the development of high-fidelity sensing arrays in food safety, environmental surveillance, and precision healthcare.