Heatwaves and health vulnerabilities of older informal workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A qualitative study

Climate change has intensified the frequency and severity of heatwaves, posing significant health and economic risks, especially for informal laborers in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries. This study examines the health impacts of heatwaves on older laborers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, evaluates their adaptation strategies, and proposes context-specific measures to enhance resilience. Employing a reflexive thematic analysis, the research analyzed data from 21 in-depth interviews, 4 key informant interviews, and 2 focus group discussions. Five core themes were identified. Heatwaves have profound physical and psychological effects on older laborers, including dehydration, heat exhaustion, exacerbation of chronic illnesses, anxiety, and fatigue. These health impacts translated into reduced labor productivity, economic instability, and financial stress. While laborers employ a range of informal and culturally embedded coping mechanisms, such as altered work schedules and traditional cooling practices, these strategies are largely insufficient due to pervasive socioeconomic constraints, poor housing conditions, and a lack of institutional support. The study identifies a critical gap in labor policies and public health interventions addressing heat-specific occupational risks, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive, context-sensitive policy interventions that integrate climate adaptation with occupational health and social protection frameworks.