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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Eperisone-induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions.

Gyu-Young Hur1, Jung-Won Park2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eperisone hydrochloride hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis, is underrecognized and often misdiagnosed as NSAID reactions. Accurate diagnosis via drug provocation tests is crucial for proper patient management and avoiding unnecessary NSAID withdrawal.

Keywords:
Adverse drug reactionAnaphylaxisDrug hypersensitivityEperisoneMuscle relaxants, central

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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
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An In Vitro Skin Irritation Test (SIT) using the EpiDerm Reconstructed Human Epidermal (RHE) Model
21:16

An In Vitro Skin Irritation Test (SIT) using the EpiDerm Reconstructed Human Epidermal (RHE) Model

Published on: July 13, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Allergy & Immunology
  • Drug Safety

Background:

  • Eperisone hydrochloride is a widely used muscle relaxant for musculoskeletal pain.
  • Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, are known adverse effects of eperisone.
  • These reactions are frequently misdiagnosed as NSAID hypersensitivity due to co-prescription patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnostic strategies for eperisone hypersensitivity.
  • To highlight the underrecognition of eperisone-induced anaphylaxis.
  • To emphasize accurate diagnosis for optimal pain management and prevention of recurrent reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published case reports.
  • Analysis of pharmacovigilance data.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic test reliability (skin prick tests, intradermal tests, drug provocation tests, basophil activation tests, serum tryptase).

Main Results:

  • Eperisone hypersensitivity reactions are predominantly immediate-type, with anaphylaxis being significant but underreported.
  • Skin and intradermal tests show variable reliability.
  • Drug provocation tests (DPTs) are the gold standard for diagnosis, with complementary roles for basophil activation and tryptase measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of eperisone hypersensitivity is essential to prevent recurrent anaphylaxis.
  • Misdiagnosis leads to unnecessary discontinuation of NSAIDs, impacting pain management.
  • Increased clinical awareness and referral to allergy specialists are vital for proper evaluation and management.