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Related Concept Videos

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
11:39

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

Methods for Autophagy Detection by Fluorescence Microscopy.

Xiaoye Ke1, Xianglong Zhang1, Xiangxiang Zhang1

  • 1Pepper Germplasm Research Group, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, Anhui, P. R. China.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to track autophagy, a key process in plant antiviral defense. Using combined fluorescent probes, researchers can now reliably measure autophagic activity during viral infections in plants.

Keywords:
AutophagyCFP-ATG8fConfocal microscopyMDC staining

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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09:59

Quantitative Analysis of Autophagy using Advanced 3D Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: May 3, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Autophagy plays a critical role in plant immunity against viral pathogens.
  • Assessing autophagic activity during plant-virus interactions is crucial for understanding defense mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and standardize a fluorescence microscopy-based method for evaluating autophagy in plants during viral infection.
  • To utilize complementary probes for robust detection of autophagic structures and vacuoles.

Main Methods:

  • Employing fluorescence microscopy with two complementary probes: CFP-ATG8f to visualize autophagosomal structures and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) to stain autophagic vacuoles.
  • Applying this standardized staining system to assess autophagic activity in plant tissues infected with viruses.

Main Results:

  • The combined CFP-ATG8f and MDC staining provides a reliable and reproducible system for monitoring autophagy.
  • This method effectively visualizes and quantifies autophagic processes in the context of plant-virus interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The presented standardized procedure offers a powerful tool for researchers studying plant antiviral immunity.
  • This technique enhances the ability to evaluate autophagic flux and its significance in plant defense against viruses.