Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Generator Voltage Control01:21

Generator Voltage Control

Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand, use...
Second-Order Circuits01:17

Second-Order Circuits

Integrating two fundamental energy storage elements in electrical circuits results in second-order circuits, encompassing RLC circuits and circuits with dual capacitors or inductors (RC and RL circuits). Second-order circuits are identified by second-order differential equations that link input and output signals.
Input signals typically originate from voltage or current sources, with the output often representing voltage across the capacitor and/or current through the inductor. For example, in...
Control of Power Flow01:30

Control of Power Flow

There are several methods to control power flow in power systems:
Parallel RLC Circuits01:14

Parallel RLC Circuits

Street lamps equipped with RLC surge protectors are an excellent example of applying circuit analysis in practical scenarios. These surge protectors safeguard the lamp's components against sudden voltage spikes.
A simplified parallel RLC circuit model with a DC input source generating a step response is employed in this context. When the switch is turned on, Kirchhoff's current law is applied, leading to a second-order differential equation.
Second-order Op Amp Circuits01:19

Second-order Op Amp Circuits

Implementing second-order low-pass filters in audio systems is crucial in refining audio signals by eliminating undesirable high-frequency noise. These filters typically involve second-order op-amp circuits configured as voltage followers, encompassing two nodes with distinct storage elements.
The analysis of such circuits follows a systematic approach, similar to the second-order RLC circuits. In practical scenarios, bulky inductors are rarely employed due to their size and weight. This means...
Load-frequency control01:28

Load-frequency control

Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retraction Note: A hybrid LSTM random forest model with grey wolf optimization for enhanced detection of multiple bearing faults.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) shows age-dependent associations with externalizing psychopathology and atypical brain connectivity.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

RETRACTED: Srivastava et al. Match-Level Fusion of Finger-Knuckle Print and Iris for Human Identity Validation Using Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier. <i>Sensors</i> 2022, <i>22</i>, 3620.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Adaptive long short term memory-PI based control for load frequency regulation in electric vehicle integrated two area power systems.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

An unsupervised dual-phase framework combining statistical separation and hybrid level set evolution for robust motion detection and segmentation in intelligent video surveillance.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Load frequency control of a PV-DSTS integrated thermal-hydro power system using a CCSA-optimized fuzzy fractional-order parallel controller.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
06:04

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

Published on: February 14, 2025

Leader follower second order voltage control with disturbance observer for DC microgrids.

K M Bhargavi1, Ritesh Dash2, K Jyotheeswara Reddy2

  • 1Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, RNSIT, Bengaluru, India.

Scientific Reports
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel distributed voltage control for DC microgrids with renewables and EVs, optimizing battery usage and ensuring stable power sharing despite disturbances. It enhances efficiency and reliability in modern grids.

Keywords:
Battery energy storage systemsDC microgridsDisturbance observerElectric vehicle integrationHeterogeneous consensus controlLeader–follower controlRenewable energy systemsSecond-order distributed control

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
06:04

Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator

Published on: February 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Control Systems
  • Renewable Energy Integration

Background:

  • DC microgrids are increasingly integrating renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs), leading to complex power-sharing challenges.
  • Heterogeneous battery energy storage systems (BESS) require sophisticated coordination for efficient operation and grid stability.
  • Existing control strategies often lack robustness against disturbances and optimal leader selection for distributed systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an advanced secondary voltage control framework for renewable- and EV-integrated DC microgrids.
  • To develop a distributed control strategy for coordinated power sharing among heterogeneous BESS using a leader-follower consensus architecture.
  • To enhance system efficiency, robustness, and stability under various operational uncertainties and communication imperfections.

Main Methods:

  • A second-order distributed voltage control strategy modeling BESS dynamics as second-order agents.
  • A cost-index-based leader selection criterion derived from analytical Riccati formulation for optimal battery leader identification.
  • Integration of a second-order disturbance observer-based heterogeneous consensus control for robust disturbance compensation.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework ensures robust voltage regulation and coordinated power sharing, significantly reducing DC bus voltage deviation and improving convergence speed.
  • Optimal leader selection minimizes energy cost and battery stress, enhancing overall system efficiency.
  • The control scheme demonstrates resilience to plug-and-play operation, communication delays, and link failures, validated through extensive simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed distributed control framework offers a robust, scalable, and energy-efficient solution for secondary voltage control in advanced DC microgrids.
  • It outperforms conventional methods in voltage deviation, convergence, state-of-charge balancing, and power mismatch.
  • The approach is suitable for next-generation DC microgrids with high renewable and EV penetration.