Immunogenetics in psoriasis: towards personalised diagnosis and treatment strategies

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder, and about 125 million people worldwide suffer from this chronic skin disease. It is a multifactorial disorder influenced by the combined action of many genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors. Recently, significant advances in research have provided greater insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms, highlighting the roles of genetic susceptibility loci such as HLA-C*06:02, IL12B, and TNIP1, as well as immune pathways involving IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α. These discoveries not only provided a better understanding of psoriasis but also played a vital role in developing treatment strategies. This review highlights immunological and genetic insights of psoriasis, emphasising their translational relevance. The review also covers how genetic variations modulate the immune response, leading to disease occurrence and chronicity. Moreover, the article explores how these findings are shaping personalised diagnosis and treatment strategies. This strategy holds the promise of enhancing the treatment of individuals with psoriasis by transitioning from the traditional care paradigm to patient-centred care in dermatology.