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Updated: May 15, 2026
09:23
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
Published on: May 30, 2014
Gaussian boson sampling with 1,024 squeezed states in 8,176 modes
Hua-Liang Liu1,2,3, Hao Su1,2,3, Yu-Hao Deng1,2,3
1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
Nature
|May 13, 2026
Summary
This study introduces Jiuzhang 4.0, a programmable photonic quantum processor. It significantly scales up Gaussian boson sampling, overcoming photon loss challenges for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Computing
- Photonic Systems
- Quantum Information Science
Background:
- Large-scale quantum processors are crucial for advancing computation beyond classical limits.
- Gaussian boson sampling demonstrates quantum advantage and generates error-correcting codes.
- Photon loss in complex circuits limits the scalability of photonic quantum systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a programmable photonic quantum processor that overcomes scalability limitations.
- To demonstrate a significant increase in the scale of Gaussian boson sampling.
- To advance towards fault-tolerant quantum computing architectures.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a programmable photonic quantum processor, Jiuzhang 4.0.
- Incorporated 1,024 high-efficiency squeezed states into an 8,176-mode hybrid spatial-temporal encoded circuit.
- Achieved high source (92%) and system (51%) efficiencies.
Main Results:
- Generated samples with up to 3,050 detected photons, an order of magnitude increase.
- Enabled sampling within a Hilbert space of dimension ~10^2,461.
- Demonstrated rigorous validation against advanced classical simulation methods, including matrix product state algorithms.
Conclusions:
- The developed processor pushes experimental frontiers beyond classical tractability.
- Programmable low-loss quantum processors are key to realizing large-scale quantum systems.
- This work paves the way for trillion-qumode cluster states and fault-tolerant photonic quantum hardware.
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