Phenotypic Diversity of Chronic Granulomatous Disease within a Family Carrying the Same NCF1 Gene Mutation

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a defect or abnormality in the immune system that produces severe and persistent signs and symptoms in affected individuals. Phenotypic diversity and genetic heterogeneity exist among patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Symptoms may vary even when the mutations are identical; conversely, patients with different mutations may have similar clinical features. The expression of phenotype may be determined by the gene sequence, epigenetic changes, and sometimes environmental factors. Some of these outcomes are influenced by the individual's past immunological exposure. This study discusses two CGD cases, a father and son; after the diagnosis of CGD in the child and confirmation of the genetic mutation, the same mutation was also identified in the father. Therefore, physicians should have more awareness that a single genetic mutation can have different clinical manifestations.