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Pain Assessment Tools for Infants, Children, and Adolescents With Cancer: A Scoping Review
Noyuri Yamaji1,2, Mika Hirata3, Yuko Nagoya4
1Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Showa Medical University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Summary
This review identified 33 pain assessment tools for pediatric cancer patients, emphasizing the need for age-appropriate, multidimensional, and self-reporting methods. Further research should focus on validation and cultural adaptation for diverse populations.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Pain Management
- Evidence Synthesis
Background:
- Effective pain assessment is crucial for managing pain in pediatric oncology patients.
- A lack of comprehensive summaries of available pain assessment tools complicates selection.
- This scoping review maps the literature on pain assessment tools for children with cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map existing literature on pain assessment tools for children with cancer.
- To categorize identified tools into self-reporting, proxy-reporting, and hybrid measures.
- To inform the selection of appropriate pain assessment tools for this population.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines on November 20, 2023.
- Searches included PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and Ichushi-Web for studies on pain assessment tools in children aged 0-18 years.
- Tools were categorized, and critical appraisal was not performed as the study aimed to map the literature.
Main Results:
- 33 distinct pain assessment tools were identified across 48 studies.
- Tools included 18 self-report, 10 proxy-rated, and 5 hybrid measures.
- Commonly used tools include the visual analog scale (VAS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and FLACC Scale. Many tools lacked validated translations or cultural adaptations.
Conclusions:
- The review provides a map of available pediatric cancer pain assessment tools.
- There is a need for age-appropriate, multidimensional pain assessment approaches, prioritizing self-reporting.
- Future research should prioritize the validation and cultural adaptation of these tools for diverse pediatric cancer populations.
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