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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface: Surgical Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Postamputation Pain
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Upper Limb Peripheral Nerve Injuries Associated With Subdermal Contraceptive Implants: A Case Series, Systematic

Michael O'Connor1, Jake M McDonnell1, Abidur Rahman2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Subdermal contraceptive implant (SCI) removal can cause upper limb nerve injuries, particularly to the ulnar nerve. Improved techniques and image guidance are crucial for preventing these complications.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Neurology
  • Surgical Complications

Background:

  • Subdermal contraceptive implants (SCIs) are effective long-acting reversible contraception (LARC).
  • Increasing reports link SCI procedures to upper limb neurovascular injuries.
  • Current literature lacks incidence data and standardized management guidelines for these nerve injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review literature on SCI-associated peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs).
  • To present a case series of patients with PNIs following SCI procedures.
  • To inform evidence-based recommendations for preventing and managing these injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Data extraction included demographics, injury factors, and treatment outcomes.
Keywords:
image-guided removallong-acting reversible contraceptionneurovascular complicationsperipheral nerve injurysubdermal contraceptive implantulnar nerve

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  • A bi-institutional case series of patients with PNIs post-SCI procedures was included.

    • Main Results:

    • 26 PNIs in 24 patients linked to SCIs; most occurred during removal (67%).
    • Ulnar nerve was most affected (52%), followed by median and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves.
    • Injuries ranged from neuropraxia to partial transection; 56% required surgery, with variable recovery.

    Conclusions:

    • SCI-associated PNIs cause significant morbidity, with the ulnar nerve at high risk during removal.
    • Implant impalpability is a factor in injury severity.
    • Enhanced training, improved techniques, alternative sites, and image-guided removal are recommended.